The coming to office of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil has brought to the fore the need to understand the rise of the far right and to come to terms with the conflicted legacies of more than a decade of rule under the Workers’ Party. This forum brings together six leading intellectuals from different traditions on the left and introduces their reflections on the contradictions and complexities of the Workers’ Party, the 2008 crisis, the June 2013 protests, the weakness of the (...) Brazilian left, corruption, and on how to characterise Bolsonaro’s regime. Their interventions offer crucial insights that are relevant today not just to Brazil, or even Latin America, but to the politics of the left worldwide. (shrink)

The coming to office of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil has brought to the fore the need to understand the rise of the far right and to come to terms with the conflicted legacies of more than a decade of rule under the Workers’ Party. This forum brings together six leading intellectuals from different traditions on the left and introduces their reflections on the contradictions and complexities of the Workers’ Party, the 2008 crisis, the June 2013 protests, the weakness of the (...) Brazilian left, corruption, and on how to characterise Bolsonaro’s regime. Their interventions offer crucial insights that are relevant today not just to Brazil, or even Latin America, but to the politics of the left worldwide. (shrink)

Experiencia, cuerpo y montaje: una lectura sobre la subjetividad como problema semejante entre la filosofía de Walter Benjamin y el teatro-danza de Pina Bausch. Resumen de Tesis de doctorado en Filosofía de Ludmila Hlebovich.

Dans les cours italiennes du xve siècle, la danse et le combat, essentiels dans l’éducation du noble, participent à la définition de la place et du comportement des femmes et des hommes. Les maîtres à danser du Quattrocento, construisent et définissent la théorie et la pratique d’une danse savante et produisent un discours conforme à des normes politiques, sociales et genrées. Guillaume le Juif, définit précisément le rôle et la place de la femme qui danse. Antonio Corazzino, également homme d’armes, (...) poète et humaniste, exprime une vision de la bienséance, qui participe d'une conception plus générale des rôles attribués au genre. Les valeurs viriles assument une prééminence évidente dans l’évolution de la vie des cours. Les techniques du corps incarnent une réalité et un discours politique. Dans l'ensemble de son œuvre, le masculin et le féminin s’incarnent notamment dans les modèles de Mars et de Vénus, les deux faces de la Concordia discors, dans la femme qui danse et l’homme qui combat. (shrink)

This paper examines the issue of Islamic political philosophy in terms of prophecy, revelation and divine law. It is important to note that philosophy, and Islamic politics are in a good relation with religion. In the present study I have developed this connection through the philosophical theories of the medieval philosopher Al-Farabi. What are the differences and similarities between philosophy and divine law, or between a philosopher and prophet? What are Al-Farabi’s most important political theories and what are the concepts (...) of virtuous city and democratic city? What is the philosophy of the Quran? Our study seeks to answer all this questions. The divine law sets the beliefs and actions of the Islamic community, while the theoretical aspects which relate to it are entrusted to the philosophers. Theology is a discipline which protects divine law and establishes the truth of a special revelation, political theology being complementary to political philosophy. Theology tries to develop a rational and coherent understanding of the divine law, to find out what is the prophecy and to differentiate the true prophets from the false ones. (shrink)

This paper introduces the logic of evidence and truth \ as an extension of the Belnap–Dunn four-valued logic \. \ is a slightly modified version of the logic \, presented in Carnielli and Rodrigues. While \ is equipped only with a classicality operator \, \ is equipped with a non-classicality operator \ as well, dual to \. Both \ and \ are logics of formal inconsistency and undeterminedness in which the operator \ recovers classical logic for propositions in its scope. (...) Evidence is a notion weaker than truth in the sense that there may be evidence for a proposition \ even if \ is not true. As well as \, \ is able to express preservation of evidence and preservation of truth. The primary aim of this paper is to propose a probabilistic semantics for \ where statements \\) and \\) express, respectively, the amount of evidence available for \ and the degree to which the evidence for \ is expected to behave classically—or non-classically for \ \). A probabilistic scenario is paracomplete when \ + P 1\), and in both cases, \ < 1\). If \ = 1\), or \ = 0\), classical probability is recovered for \. The proposition \, a theorem of \, partitions what we call the information space, and thus allows us to obtain some new versions of known results of standard probability theory. (shrink)

The aim of this text is to reply to criticisms of the logics of evidence and truth and the epistemic approach to paraconsistency advanced by Barrio [2018], and Lo Guercio and Szmuc [2018]. We also clarify the notion of evidence that underlies the intended interpretation of these logics and is a central point of Barrio’s and Lo Guercio & Szmuc’s criticisms.

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como Kant aplicou uma estrutura cognitiva mais abstrata aos objetos da experiência. É possível observar, a partir de um exemplo _in concreto,_ a aplicação dos princípios do entendimento puro, desenvolvidos e estruturados na_ Crítica da Razão Pura_, aos objetos da experiência, neste caso, as proposições empíricas da mecânica newtoniana. Assim, apresentamos a configuração dos argumentos kantianos, sustentando que há uma relação explícita entre os princípios do entendimento puro, e os princípios metafísicos da ciência da (...) natureza, estes desenvolvidos na obra de mesmo nome – _Princípios Metafísicos de Ciência da Natureza_ – e mostramos que essa relação se dá por meio de uma estrutura argumentativa em que os princípios gerais e abstratos da primeira _Crítica_ são premissas para os princípios metafísicos aplicados dos PMCN. Buscamos, assim, provar que a estrutura da filosofia da ciência kantiana é dada, principalmente, por meio das duas obras supracitadas, e é uma teoria que tem como principal objetivo, fundamentar filosoficamente a mecânica newtoniana, a fim de explicar como um conhecimento objetivamente válido dos fenômenos do mundo é possível. (shrink)

Since the first degrees of musicality of mankind, the music became a sphere of investigation for naturalists (Darwin), economists (Karl Bücher), philosophers (Spencer, Schopenhauer, Cioran), who tried to explain, through their theories, the process of the beginning and settlement of this phenomenon as well as its influence on the human being.Schopenhauer will consider art, and especially music, as the only liberating form from delusion and suffering, from the omnipotence will to live. Making a strange parallelism between music and the will (...) to live, Schopenhauer will find between these two a report of identity: “the world is an incarnation of music as well as an incarnation of Will: There is no art besides music that expresses an ideal aspect of Will, the Will itself in its purest essence”.If at Schopenhauer the music expresses the Will itself in its purest essence, at Emil Cioran “the metaphysical madness of the musical experience… weakens the will to live and the vital main springs”.Through music Emil Cioran found the way to himself, to his ego and his profound musical nature.The moments of separating of the delusions world are for the human being moments in which the entire existence feels like a melody and all of the being’s sufferings assemble and melt into “a convergence of sounds, into a musical enthusiasm and into a warm and resonant universal community”, into a “sweet and rhythmic immateriality”. (shrink)

The main aim of this paper is to introduce first-order versions of logics of evidence and truth, together with corresponding sound and complete Kripke semantics with variable and constant domains. According to the intuitive interpretation proposed here, these logics intend to represent possibly inconsistent and incomplete information bases over time. The paper also discusses the connections between Belnap-Dunn’s and da Costa’s approaches to paraconsistency, and argues that the logics of evidence and truth combine them in a very natural way.

ABSTRACT Many studies have focused on the contributions and/or convergences among the ideas of Bakhtin, Vološinov and Medvedev, and other authors. Brazilian and foreign researchers have shown convergences between the thought of the German philosopher Ernst Cassirer and the aforementioned Russian thinkers. Cassirer problematizes what would give unity to culture, and this is a problem with which Bakhtin, Vološinov and Medvedev are also concerned. Thus, this article analyzes how this question (“what gives unity to culture?”) was answered, seeking convergences among (...) thoughts. We have gone through some of Cassirer’s writings to show how the philosopher has analyzed culture from a unity constituted by symbolization. Next, we see how this issue was addressed by Medvedev and Vološinov. Finally, we seek the way in which Bakhtin sought to understand cultural unity in the essay “The problem of content, material and form”. (shrink)

Among the various appropriations and discussions of M.M. Bakhtin’s work, his ‘philosophy of the everday’ has received increasing recognition in Western scholarship that has complemented his reputation as a literary theorist, aesthetician, and linguist. For example, some critics have suggested that Bakhtin’s work on literature springs from his understanding of the novel as a ‘transcendental metaphor’ for life. Others have attempted to adapt Bakhtin’s work on literature and its emancipatory practical orientation to critical social theory. Such interpretive endeavors might be (...) valid in their respective contexts. However, they in effect obscure the fact that Bakhtin starts his intellectual career as a phenomenologist intent on giving a non-aesthetic explanation of the world, i.e., as human beings experience it through cognition and practical action prior to the mediation of art. In one of his earliest pieces, Toward a Philosophy of the Act, Bakhtin sets out to advance the foundations of a prima philosophia, a philosophical ontology that would explain human existence through categories of being rather than through those of representation. No matter how much of Bakhtin’s early work draws on the legacy of other thinkers, such an intention, unequivocally expressed, testifies to his investment in the philosophy of the real, the practical, and the everyday. In Bakhtin’s early essays, the human being—the figure around which his whole philosophy of the 1920’s revolves—is explicitly portrayed as a living, breathing individual and is carefully distinguished from a literary ‘hero’. (shrink)

Among the various appropriations and discussions of M.M. Bakhtin’s work, his ‘philosophy of the everday’ has received increasing recognition in Western scholarship that has complemented his reputation as a literary theorist, aesthetician, and linguist. For example, some critics have suggested that Bakhtin’s work on literature springs from his understanding of the novel as a ‘transcendental metaphor’ for life. Others have attempted to adapt Bakhtin’s work on literature and its emancipatory practical orientation to critical social theory. Such interpretive endeavors might be (...) valid in their respective contexts. However, they in effect obscure the fact that Bakhtin starts his intellectual career as a phenomenologist intent on giving a non-aesthetic explanation of the world, i.e., as human beings experience it through cognition and practical action prior to the mediation of art. In one of his earliest pieces, Toward a Philosophy of the Act, Bakhtin sets out to advance the foundations of a prima philosophia, a philosophical ontology that would explain human existence through categories of being rather than through those of representation. No matter how much of Bakhtin’s early work draws on the legacy of other thinkers, such an intention, unequivocally expressed, testifies to his investment in the philosophy of the real, the practical, and the everyday. In Bakhtin’s early essays, the human being—the figure around which his whole philosophy of the 1920’s revolves—is explicitly portrayed as a living, breathing individual and is carefully distinguished from a literary ‘hero’. (shrink)

Among the various appropriations and discussions of M.M. Bakhtin’s work, his ‘philosophy of the everday’ has received increasing recognition in Western scholarship that has complemented his reputation as a literary theorist, aesthetician, and linguist. For example, some critics have suggested that Bakhtin’s work on literature springs from his understanding of the novel as a ‘transcendental metaphor’ for life. Others have attempted to adapt Bakhtin’s work on literature and its emancipatory practical orientation to critical social theory. Such interpretive endeavors might be (...) valid in their respective contexts. However, they in effect obscure the fact that Bakhtin starts his intellectual career as a phenomenologist intent on giving a non-aesthetic explanation of the world, i.e., as human beings experience it through cognition and practical action prior to the mediation of art. In one of his earliest pieces, Toward a Philosophy of the Act, Bakhtin sets out to advance the foundations of a prima philosophia, a philosophical ontology that would explain human existence through categories of being rather than through those of representation. No matter how much of Bakhtin’s early work draws on the legacy of other thinkers, such an intention, unequivocally expressed, testifies to his investment in the philosophy of the real, the practical, and the everyday. In Bakhtin’s early essays, the human being—the figure around which his whole philosophy of the 1920’s revolves—is explicitly portrayed as a living, breathing individual and is carefully distinguished from a literary ‘hero’. (shrink)

En las notas preparatorias de las tesis Sobre el concepto de historia [1940] (2009), Walter Benjamin señala que el materialista histórico debe, al recorrer la “estructura de la historia”, realizar un “análisis espectral” [Spektralanalyse]. Más allá de la familiaridad que Benjamin haya tenido con el método físico del análisis espectral, partimos de aquí para desprender un tema central, que es el de la epistemología de la imagen para un modelo de historia ya dialectizado con la naturaleza, en este caso, el (...) de Walter Benjamin y Aby Warburg. No solo es importante la noción de imagen e imagen dialéctica presente en los autores, sino también aquello que se contiene y transmite en la imagen, lo cual proviene de temporalidades pasadas. Por esto abordamos la idea de pervivencia [Nachleben] en ambos autores, y cómo esta se codifica, en el pensamiento de Waburg, en la idea de una vida energética y en las nociones de dinamograma, engrama y memoria. Lo que nos interesa de habilitar una mirada más amplia para con la historia, es exponer que la separación dicotómica entre historia y naturaleza -criticada tanto por Warburg como por Benjamin- inhabilita la posibilidad de captar un ámbito de lo objetual que es independiente del hombre, esto es, la energía o la fuerza que se contiene en el seno de una imagen, de allí lo interesante de tomar la mirada del físico para con la historia. (shrink)

The Russian icon was always related to the soul of the Russian painter, his anxiety and his emotions. Through the icon the russian has always expressed his faith and mentained the bundle with God. The icon has been considered by the russian people a bridge between human and divinity. The Russian people belive into an russian Christ. The Russian icon embodys the russian nature, his strength of creation and of adaption, but especially the russian soul. It is been capitalized the (...) icon painting of the greatest painters: Andrei Rubliov, Teofan Grecul Dionisie, as well as icon painting, starting from the novgorodiana school (the 11th century) till the 20th century, when big names of icon artists appared, such as Kondrafiev, Filatov, Zubov, A. Ivanov. (shrink)

The Russian icon was always related to the soul of the Russian painter, his anxiety and his emotions. Through the icon the russian has always expressed his faith and mentained the bundle with God. The icon has been considered by the russian people a bridge between human and divinity. The Russian people belive into an russian Christ. The Russian icon embodys the russian nature, his strength of creation and of adaption, but especially the russian soul. It is been capitalized the (...) icon painting of the greatest painters: Andrei Rubliov, Teofan Grecul Dionisie, as well as icon painting, starting from the novgorodiana school (the 11th century) till the 20th century, when big names of icon artists appared, such as Kondrafiev, Filatov, Zubov, A. Ivanov. (shrink)

Since the first degrees of musicality of mankind, the music became a sphere of investigation for naturalists (Darwin), economists (Karl Bücher), philosophers (Spencer, Schopenhauer, Cioran), who tried to explain, through their theories, the process of the beginning and settlement of this phenomenon as well as its influence on the human being.Schopenhauer will consider art, and especially music, as the only liberating form from delusion and suffering, from the omnipotence will to live. Making a strange parallelism between music and the will (...) to live, Schopenhauer will find between these two a report of identity: “the world is an incarnation of music as well as an incarnation of Will: There is no art besides music that expresses an ideal aspect of Will, the Will itself in its purest essence”.If at Schopenhauer the music expresses the Will itself in its purest essence, at Emil Cioran “the metaphysical madness of the musical experience… weakens the will to live and the vital main springs”.Through music Emil Cioran found the way to himself, to his ego and his profound musical nature.The moments of separating of the delusions world are for the human being moments in which the entire existence feels like a melody and all of the being’s sufferings assemble and melt into “a convergence of sounds, into a musical enthusiasm and into a warm and resonant universal community”, into a “sweet and rhythmic immateriality”. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the truthmaker monism , a result according to which any truthmaker makes true any true proposition. Truthmaker monism depends on the characterization of the truthmaking relation in terms of strict implication, the principle of excluded middle and the so called disjunction thesis. I will restrict the discussion to a theory of truthmakers of empirical truths and I will argue that, in the scope of such a theory, the problem does not (...) lie in the use of strict implication neither in the excluded middle but, rather, in the disjunction thesis, that must be rejected. (shrink)

The subject of the proposed paper is the disclosure of prerequisites and determinants of the implementation of the soteriological concept of studying the interdisciplinary course of bioethics, the structural model and synectic algorithm of its comprehension and epistemological map of formation of soteriological competence of the future specialist during the study of bioethics. The methodological basis for the implementation of the proposed project is the theory of research-oriented professional education and, thereafter, technology of advanced learning, which provide wide opportunities to (...) study the course of bioethics in the form of observation of remote virtual experiments on the portal Go-Lab; GRAASP environment for the implementation of author's developments and pedagogically structured programs in the process of performative interaction between teacher and students. The scientific novelty of the material is to substantiate the content of anthropological competencies of future specialists in biomedical specialties and the strategies of obtaining them on the basis of the principles of hermeneutic didactics. Conclusions. Today, obviously, the task of bioethics is not only to protect nature and human life, but also to participate in the realization of the high mission of Salvation. This defines the research field of bioethics as a space of secret dialogue, in which it is desirable to find a place not only for the voice of clinicians, pharmacists, engineers, philosophers, public figures, but also the pastoral voice of the Church. (shrink)

The essay focuses on the aesthetic ideas of the informal association of the Russian artists known as “the World of Art”. The members of this association shared those clearly pronounced trends of aestheticism that had manifested in contemporaneous Europe as Art Nouveau, Secession, and Jugendstil. The main representatives and ideologists of the association, such artists as A. Benois, K. Somov, and M. Dobuzhinsky, sought to show, through both their art and their theoretical ideas, that most important in art is not (...) any social, domestic, political and other utilitarian perspective, but rather the artistic, aesthetic quality and beauty. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to present a paraconsistent formal system and a corresponding intended interpretation according to which true contradictions are not tolerated. Contradictions are, instead, epistemically understood as conflicting evidence, where evidence for a proposition A is understood as reasons for believing that A is true. The paper defines a paraconsistent and paracomplete natural deduction system, called the Basic Logic of Evidence, and extends it to the Logic of Evidence and Truth. The latter is a logic of (...) formal inconsistency and undeterminedness that is able to express not only preservation of evidence but also preservation of truth. LETj is anti-dialetheist in the sense that, according to the intuitive interpretation proposed here, its consequence relation is trivial in the presence of any true contradiction. Adequate semantics and a decision method are presented for both BLE and LETj, as well as some technical results that fit the intended interpretation. (shrink)

In thesis VI of Walter Benjamin’s On the Concept of History, we find the sentence of danger in which the dead are, which we can think of as a threat of a second death, or symbolic death of the oppressed tradition of which the historiographer has to be alert. Now, if there is a second death it is because there is a life after natural death, that is a survival [Nachleben] of the past in the present. This survival, in the (...) context of the theses of 1940, is possible to weave it with the notions of historical experience [Erfahrung] and the transmission thereof. Faced with the danger of the absolute disappearance of what has been truncated, the German author exposes the need to save it, that is, to carry out a redemption, a remembrance. In this sense, redemption would operate as a second chance, or second instance, of those who have already had a natural death, and who therefore survive, are in their "over-life", which is on the verge of disappearing. Redemption, in these terms, is reconfigured as a form of resistance, then, against the possible annihilation that would bury definitively those signifiers, those memories. Here we will essay thinking this possibles intersections between the benjaminians notions of survival, historic experience and redemption, and the lacanian notion of second death, for being able to think the duality of natural and simbolic death and life, the failed of natural death -the possibiliy of redemption that allows- and the absolut and irreversible character of second death. (shrink)

У статті досліджено принципово важливу для сучасної філософії ідею про сутнісний зв’язок справедливості, визнання та ідентичності.Доведено, що справедливість соціальних взаємин зумовлена не так способом розподілу матеріальних благ, як процесами суспільного та індивідуального визнання. Із цієї точки зору, яку обстоюють Ю.Габермас, А.Гонет, Ч.Тейлор, З.Форс, випливає, що саме люди,яким властива гідність, можуть стати не лише об’єктами, а й суб’єктами справедливості, тобто громадянами. Завдяки подоланнюполітичного патерналізму та існуванню індивіда як суб’єкта політичної дії відбувається глибинне переакцентування ідентичності із завузького поля міжособистісного спілкування і формування (...) нової, заснованої на людській гідності та чесності, моделі соціальної справедливості та постконвенційної ідентичності. Таким чином, автор доходить висновку, що саме визнання є тією найширшою нормативною категорією, яка обіймає і справедливість, і ідентичність, а їх економічні і культурно-символічні виміри мають бути пов’язані між собою. У такий спосіб можна вибудувати адекватну сьогоденню справедливу теорію ідентичності, а також уникнути репресивного комунітаризму, який акцентує увагу на цінностях своєї спільноти та нехтує можливістю для кожного індивіда бути рівноправним учасником соціального простору загалом. (shrink)

The book Paraconsistent Logic: Consistency, Contradiction and Negation by Walter Carnielli and Marcelo Coniglio is the most thorough study of Logics of Formal Inconsistency...

Foreword : Consistency, Contradiction, and Consequence.

The present paper attempts to demonstrate semiotic arguments against the sequence → structure → function paradigm in protein studies. The unidirectional deterministic thinking in biological processes has been challenged by several disciplines of life sciences (epigenetics, proteomics, etc.) and philosophy (process philosophy). Biosemiotics comprehends living organisms as actively participating in their present and somehow creating or shaping their future, having a plurality of options for acting. Determinism and unidirectionality are in contradiction with a biosemiotic approach towards life, mostly when considering (...) Peirce’s triadic concept of semiosis. In this paper, a Peircean biosemiotic approach is applied to proteins and to the process of protein folding. Two main concepts are presented to support the arguments against the SSF paradigm in protein studies: the NonReduction Theorem and the notion of folded continuum. A processual approach is proposed as the most suitable for descriptions of proteins and their functions. (shrink)

The present paper attempts to demonstrate semiotic arguments against the sequence → structure → function paradigm in protein studies. The unidirectional deterministic thinking in biological processes has been challenged by several disciplines of life sciences and philosophy. Biosemiotics comprehends living organisms as actively participating in their present and somehow creating or shaping their future, having a plurality of options for acting. Determinism and unidirectionality are in contradiction with a biosemiotic approach towards life, mostly when considering Peirce’s triadic concept of semiosis. (...) In this paper, a Peircean biosemiotic approach is applied to proteins and to the process of protein folding. Two main concepts are presented to support the arguments against the SSF paradigm in protein studies: the NonReduction Theorem and the notion of folded continuum. A processual approach is proposed as the most suitable for descriptions of proteins and their functions. (shrink)